Flexner, James Thomas. George Washington: The Forge of Experience, 1732-1775. Boston: Little, Brown, 1965.

Flexner, James Thomas. George Washington and the New Nation, 1783-1793. Boston: Little, Brown, 1970.

Letter, John Wallace to Matthew Cary, November 22, 1784. Photostat of manuscript letter. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.

“…I met a very favourable reception from Lady Washington-I spent an entire day with her-She is a very sensible Lady, rather elderly, has four Grand-Children in her house one little Boy and three girls-She pressed me a good deal to stay at her house, till the General wou’d return. I forgot to tell you that the General went to Richmond a few days before we reached Alexandria-His return is expected in less than a fortnight….”

letter

Thompson, Mary. "MW-Revolutionary War." Unpublished paper, Mount Vernon Ladies Association.

Mary Thompson

Thompson, Mary. "Martha Washington Testimonials." Unpublished paper, Mount Vernon Ladies Association.

Mary Thompson

Letter, Tobias Lear to Mr. William Prescott, March 4, 1788. Massachusetts Historical Society.

Massachusetts Historical Society

“…Mrs. Washington, the Genl’s Lady is everything that is benevolent & good – I honor her as a second mother & receive from her all those attentions which I should look for from her who bore me….”

letter

Murray, Judith Sargent. Bonnie Hurd Smith, ed.From Gloucester to Philadelphia in 1790: Observations, Anecdotes, and Thoughts from the 18th-Century Letters of Judith Sargent Murray. Cambridge, Mass.: Judith Sargent Murray Society and Curious Traveller Press, 1998.

From Judith Sargent Murray to her parents, New Rochelle, New York, 8/14/1790: “…While Mr Murray [the author’s husband] visited at the President’s Mrs Washington dispatched a Messenger from her apartments, importing that she should be pleased with a visit from Mrs Murray, that if she—Mrs Murray—preferred enjoyment to ceremony, she need not wait for a Levee day—for Mrs Washington would certainly be at home, whenever it should suit Mrs Murray’s convenience, and the President too, deigned to enquire, if my journey had bestowed upon me the blessings of health—all this, you will believe, was highly flattering--…About Six O-clock we took a coach for the presence…Colonel Humphry’s, offering his hand, ushered us into the drawing room, a number of Ladies were with Mrs Washington, and her matronlike appearance, and Lady like condescension, soon dissipated every painful idea of distance—taking my hand she seated me by her side, and addressing herself particularly to me, as the only stranger present, she engaged me in the most familiar, and agreeable Chat—she interrogated me respecting my journey, asked if my acquaintance in New York was extensive, and in what part of the City I abode—She informed me she had the pleasure of being acquainted with my brother, and she spoke of his late marriage, and the death of his Companion, as events which had interested her feelings…Mrs Washington’s face is an index of a good heart, and those Virtues which I am told she eminently possesseth, are impressed upon every feature—need I add, that her countenance is irresistibly prepossessing…In the course of the two hours passed at the President’s various topics of conversation were introduced—Mrs Washington, as I said was condescendingly attentive to me, as a stranger I was constantly by her side, and addressing me in a low voice, she spoke of her family—she hath been a happy mother, one son, and one daughter, by a former marriage, they now, however, both sleep in the narrow house—One grand Son, and three granddaughters survive—I know, said Mrs Washington, that my daughter in law would soon enter into new engagements, and I urged her to yield her two youngest children to my care—this she obligingly did, and consequently a grandson, and granddaughter, reside constantly at the President’s—Mrs Washington hath educated a Niece [Fanny Bassett], now united in marriage, to a favourite Nephew [George Augustine Washington] of the General and the young couple reside upon, and have the care of that fine Estate, of which we have heard so much, at Mount Vernon—To which elegant seat, the President and his Lady, will during the recess of Congress, rapidly bend their steps—The family, thus circumstanced, it is hardly to be regretted, that the General hath no son, to whom to transmit his honours, and his Virtue, for he cannot but be immortal—his Lady is universally beloved, and the sons of Columbia are their children…Mrs Washington in her aside conversation, spoke of the General’s later alarming illness, and while she expressed her happiness in his present restoration, a tear of apprehension for futurity was in her eye—I embraced this opportunity, of expressing the emotions of my bosom and while I adverted to the common interest, which every American held in a life so precious, I allowed the superiority of her tender, and sacred claims…Thursday, very unexpectedly opened another scene—I was sitting in my little apartment, alone, and buried in thought—strange that I possessed not the smallest presentiment, of the distinction which awaited me—but so it was…Mrs Washington, and Mrs Lear were immediately ushered in[.] If any thing could exceed my surprise, it was the charming freedom with which Mrs Washington took her seat—The unmeaning fopperies of ceremony seem to make no part of this Lady’s Character, inborn benevolence, beams upon her countenance, points her address, and dictates the most pleasing expressions to her lips—one whole hour she condescendingly devoted to me, and so much friendship did her salutations connect, so interesting and animated was our conversation, that a bystander would not have entertained an idea of the distance between us, would hardly have supposed, that we met but for the second time, thus benignly good, and thus adorned with social virtues is our Lady Presidentess, and I confess that in a way perfectly correspondent with my feelings, I have been most highly gratified….” (246, 248-250, 254)

Norton, Mary Beth. Founding Mothers & Fathers: Gendered Power and the Forming of American Society. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1996.

Lee, Jean Butenhoff, ed. Experiencing Mount Vernon: Eyewitness Accounts, 1784-1865.  Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2006.

From Samuel Latham Mitchill to his wife, 12/7/1801

“…On our arrival we were received by Mr. Lewis, a gentleman who married one of the Misses Custis, a granddaughter of Mrs. Washington, and who, with his wife, now resides here. Presently Mrs. Washington and her other granddaughter, the celebrated Mrs. Law, now here on a visit, entered. The old lady was habited in black, and wore a plain cap with a black ribbon; she was affable and polite, and made us welcome in that hospitable though unceremonious manner that without hesitation we agreed to stay and dine. Mrs. Law was dressed in white, and both looked and acted in that engaging and superior way for which she is so justly famed. Her little daughter and her husband were with her. Three young ladies, the Misses Stewart and a Miss Henley, and Mrs. Washington’s grandson, Mr. Custis, also joined us a little before dinner. Mrs. Washington presided like a lady of hospitality and good sense, tempered by much acquaintance with company. Every thing [sic] was neat and well-ordered, bespeaking her to be quite the mistress of her household, and regulating all its concerns.” (93-94)

Humphreys, David. Life of General Washington. Rosemarie Zagarri, ed. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2006.